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语言要点（模块）
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
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词汇
部分
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词语
辨析
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1. congratulate
/ celebrate
2. destroy
/ ruin / damage / harm
3. rise
/ raise / lift
4. hurt
/ injure / wound
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词形
变化
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1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓
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frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的
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frightening adj.令人恐惧的
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2. nation
n. 民族；国家；国民
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national
adj. 民族的；国家的
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3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头
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suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
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sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者
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重点
单词
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1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
2. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
3. rescue
n.&vt. 援救，营救
4. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
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重点
词组
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1. right away 立刻，马上
2. at an end 结束，终结
3. instead of 代替，而不
4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
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重点句子
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1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
2. All hope was not lost.
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重点语法
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定语从句 （见语法部分）
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I词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
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1.
congratulate / celebrate
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【解释】
congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。
celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We
held a party to __________ our success..
答案: 1). congratulate 2). celebrate
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2. destroy / ruin / damage /
harm
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【解释】
destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。
ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击
的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). You may get _________ in
that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She
sees through him every time.
答案: 1).
cheated 2). fool
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3. rise / raise / lift
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【解释】
rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。
raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。
lift 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from
her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I
can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to
________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.
答案: 1). raised 2). Lift 3).
rise
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4. hurt / injure / wound
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【解释】
hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。
injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.
wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war.
2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the
work.
3). I was very much _______ at his words.
答案: 1). wounded 2). injured 3).
hurt
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II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
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1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓
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frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的
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frightening adj.令人恐惧的
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2. nation
n. 民族；国家；国民
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national
adj. 民族的；国家的
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3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头
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suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
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sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者
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【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1)
He’s travelled to the ________
ofWestern Europe. (nation)
2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation)
3） ___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten)
4） The
child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)
5） It is even _________ to think
of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)
6） We ________ huge losses in the
financial crisis. (suffer)
7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer)
8) There is so much __________ in this world.
(suffer)
答案: 1) nations 2) national 3) Frightened 4) was
frightened
5) frightening 6) suffered 7) sufferers 8)
suffering
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Ⅲ重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
[典例]
1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。
2). The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。
3). On hearing the news, Leslie
burst into laughter whileTracyburst out crying.
一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。
4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the
ending of the song.
歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。
[重点用法]
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst into tears = burst out
crying 突然大哭
[练习] 中译英
1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Water-pipes
often burst in cold weather.
2). The sun
burst through the clouds.
2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
[典例]
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of
the river.
警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
2). The
rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
3). Michael
rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。
[重点用法]
rescue
sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来
come
to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队
a
rescue mission 救援任务
rescue workers 救援人员
[练习] 用rescue的适当形式填空
1). The mother, along with her two children,
_________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
2). The firemen ________ five
children from the burning house yesterday.
答案:
1). has been rescued 2). rescued
3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
[典例]
1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。
4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
[重点用法]
judge sb./ sth. by/from
通过……判断……
as far as I judge 我认为
judging from… 从……来看， 根据……判断
[练习] 用与judge相关的词汇填空
1). ______his
appearance, he must be a rich man.
2). _______ , he must be from the south.
答案: 1).
Judging 2). In her judgment
4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
[典例]
1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。
2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。
[重点用法]
be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空
ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring
sb. to ruin 使毁灭
[练习] 中译英
1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 那教堂已破败不堪。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). The building is
in ruins.
2). The church has fallen
into ruin.
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