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Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. right away 立刻，马上
[典例]
1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。
2). If
war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。
[短语归纳]
“立刻，马上”的表达方式：
right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time
[练习] 中译英
1). 请立刻把它打印出来。
答案: 1). I
want it typed right away, please.
2. at
an end 结束，终结（= finished）
[典例]
1). The war was
finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。
[短语归纳]
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end of 在……末尾 by the end of 在……末为止
in the end 最后，终于 at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态
make ends meet 收支相抵
[练习] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。
1). How
many English words have you learned ____________ last term?
2). He became
an outstanding doctor ___________.
3). My
uncle will fly toChina_________ this year.
答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end 3). at the end of
3.
instead of 代替，而不是
[典例]
1). The
Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。
2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。
3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.
她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
[短语归纳]
instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。
instead
of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。
in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。
take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。
[练习] 单项选择。
1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.
A. in place of
B. have taken the place of C.
instead D. instead of
2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.
A. in
spite of B. take the place of C. instead
D. instead of
答案:
1). B 2). D
4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
[典例]
1). Tens of thousands of people
were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
[短语归纳]
hundreds of数百的 hundreds
of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of数千的 millions
of数百万的
dozens of许多； 大量 scores
of 许多； 大量
[练习] 选择填空
1). Every year ________ foreign
visitors come toChina.
A. tens of thousands
of B. ten thousands of
C. over ten
thousands D.
thousands upon thousands
2). There were ____________ people
in the hall.
A. two scores of B. scores of
C. two and score D. two scores
答案: 1). A 2).
B
V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Mice
ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。
[解释] 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
（1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。
While
reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
Seeing
those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not
knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.
因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
（3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如：
His
father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was
so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
（4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：
They
stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
Following
the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
（5）现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。
（6）“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
[练习] 中译英
1). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Not knowing
his address, I can’t send this book to him.
2). Without
anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[解释]All the students do not know how to deal with
the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。
I don’t
know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。
表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all,
both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none,
neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：
Everyone
doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story.
并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。
Nobody
likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。
Both of
the students don’t like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。
Neither of
the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。
[练习] 中译英
1). 并非这两个学生这个故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Both of the students don’t like the story.
2). Neither of the students likes the story.
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