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语言要点（模块）
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
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词汇
部分
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词语
辨析
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1. fight for/against/with
2. reward
/ award
3. accept / receive
4. since
/ because / as / for
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词形
变化
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1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的
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cruelty n.
残暴, 残忍
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2. hope
n. v.希望; 期望
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hopeful
adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的
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hopeless
adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的
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3. educate
vt. 教育
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education n. 教育; 教育体制
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educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的
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重点
单词
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1. devote vt. 投入；献身
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
5. advise v. 建议
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重点
词组
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1. be in
prison 在狱中，被监禁
2. out of
work 失业,出问题
3. lose
heart 丧失勇气或信心
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重点句子
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1. We were put in a position in
which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the
Government.
2. Only
then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
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重点语法
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定语从句 （见语法部分）
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Ⅰ 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
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1. fight for/against/with
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【解释】
fight
for/against/with
fight
for 为……而斗争；努力争取
fight
against 与……作斗争
fight with 和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争
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【练习】用正确的fight短语填空
1). We
will have to ________ difficulties.
2). They
told the workers to _________ their rights.
3). During
World War II, the British _________
Frenchmen against Germans.
Keys: 1). fight against 2). fight for 3). fought with
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2. reward
/ award
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【解释】
award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;
reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The film ________ are
presented annually．
2). A __________ was offered for
the return of the passport．
Keys: 1).
awards 2). reward
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3. accept / receive
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【解释】
accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”
receive
(收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
I ________
his letter of invitation, but I didn't ________ it.
Keys: received…accept
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4. since / because / as / for
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【解释】
since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。
because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。
as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。
for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I can’t go _________ I’m ill.
2).
________ the rain has stopped, let’s go
out for a walk.
3).
________ I’m leaving tomorrow, I’ve
bought you a gift.
4). It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet.
Keys: 1). because 2). Since 3). As 4). for
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II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
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1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的
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cruelty n.
残暴, 残忍
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2. hope
n. v.希望; 期望
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hopeful
adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的
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hopeless
adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的
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3. educate
vt. 教育
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education n. 教育; 教育体制
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educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的
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【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) She
is a highly ________ woman (educate)
2) Parents should _________ their children to
behave well. (educate)
3） A
child receives its early _________ at home. (educate)
4） Many
a young _________ went to Hollywood. (hope)
5） Our ________ for fine weather
were not disappointed. (hope)
6） Most of the students are making
good progress but Jeremy seems a ________ case. (hope)
7) Don't be ________ to animals. (cruel)
8) He saw a lot of _________ in the prison
camp. (cruel)
Keys:
1) educated 2) educate 3) education 4) hopeful
5) hopes
6) hopeless 7) cruel 8) cruelty
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Ⅲ重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. devote vt. 投入；献身
[典例]
1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。
2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。
[重点用法]
devote… to… 献身于；专心于
在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：
pay attention to（注意……）; stick
to（坚持……）; lead to（导致……）;
prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）; look
forward to（盼望……）;
[练习] 中译英
1). 她深爱她的孩子。
2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。
Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children.
2). We
should devote all our efforts to our tasks.
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
[典例]
1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。
2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and
then vote on it.
我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。
3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。
[重点用法]
vote down 投票否决；投票击败 vote in 投票选出；选举
vote through 表决通过 put… to the
vote 将……付诸表决
take/have a vote on 对……进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
[练习]用恰当的介词或副词填空。
1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority.
2). Shall we take a vote the question?
3). The issue was put the vote.
4). Was the vote or the matter?
Keys:
1). through 2).on 3). to
4). for; against
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
[典例]
1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。
2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。
[重点用法]
in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）报酬、报答
give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金
reward
sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人
reward sb.
with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人
[练习] 中译英
1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她向他报之以一笑。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
2). She
rewarded him with a smile.
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
[典例]
1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。
2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。
[重点用法]
be equal to 与……相等
be equal with 与……平等
[练习] 中译英
1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint
of beer.
2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.
5. advise v. 建议
[典例]
1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.
2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as
often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.
3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that
isn’t ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.
[重点用法]
advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议……
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干…… advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议（某人）干……
advise + (that) sb. (should) do
advice n. 建议；意见
a piece of advice 一条建议
go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见
give advice to sb. on sth. 就……对某人提供建议
follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
[练习] 中译英
1). 我建议换个方式。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). I'd
advise taking a different approach.
2). We
advised that they should start early/advised them to start early.
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