语言要点
单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)
词汇
部分
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词语
辨析
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1.
personal / private / individual
2. after
all/above all/at all/in all
3. type
/ kind /sort
4. deal
with/do with(未调顺序)
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词形
变化(未调顺序)
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1.explore
vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险
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exploration
n. 勘探; 探测; 探险
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exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的
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2.
universe n. 宇宙; 世界
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universal
adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的;宇宙的
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3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现
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appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现 外表; 外貌; 外观
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重点
单词
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1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和
2.
advantage n.优点;优势;有利条件
3. goal
n. 球门;进球得的分;目标
4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与……通讯
5. arise vi.(arose, arisen)出现; 发生
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重点
词组
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1. in common 共同的;共有的;共用的
2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说
3. watch over 看守; 监视; 照看
4. make up 化妆;化装;捏造,虚构(故事,诗等)
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重点句子
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1. By the1940s工had
grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow larger!
2. However,this reality also
worried my designers
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重点语法
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现在完成时的被动语态 (见语法部分)
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Ⅰ 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. personal / private /
individual
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【解释】
personal 指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人,以区别于其他人。
private 指属于私人所有或具有私营性质,以区别于集体或公共的,有时含不公开的意味。
individual 与集体的相对,指个别或个体的。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Will you do it for me as a
________ favour?
2). If
you go to a _________ hospital, you must pay.
3). We traveled
together, but each _________ bought his own ticket.
Keys: 1). personal 2). private 3). individual
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2. after all/above all/at all/in
all
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【解释】
after all意为“毕竟”“尽管”“到底”“究竟”;
above all 意为“最重要的是”“尤其是”;
at all一般用在否定句中,用以加强否定语气。at all用在疑问句、条件句中,起强调作用,意为“真的”“确实”“竟然”等。另外,not at all用来表示“不用谢”;
in all表示“总共”“总计”。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). So you see,I was right ________.
2). ________,he wanted to succeed.
3). It will do you no harm ___________.
4). We visited, _______, 20
universities in theUS.
Keys: 1). after all 2). Above all 3). at
all 4). in all
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3. type / kind /sort
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【解释】
1)kind系普通用语,其含义较模糊,它所指的种类可用任何标准区分,但着重以事物的自然属性和内在性质为标准来区分。
2)type常和换用kind,但在表示动植物的种类,以及牌类游戏时,不能用type代替
3)sort也为普通用语,比kind更口语化,其概念同kind一样很不严密,两者常可互换, 但sort常掺杂说话人的主观色彩,带有轻蔑与贬低的含义。如:
We talked of all sorts of subjects.我们谈了各种话题。
These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). He’s quite a pleasant
________, really.
2). All
________ of difficulties have to be overcome.
3). I’ll
never do this _________ of thing.
4)There are different ________ of animals in
Shanghai Wild Animal Park.
Keys:
1). type 2). kinds 3). sort 4) kinds
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4.deal with/do with
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【解释】
deal with和do with二者可译为“处理”,但在特殊疑问句中, do with与what配合使用,而deal with与how配合使用。
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【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). How would you _________ an armed burglar?
2). What have you __________ my umbrella?
Keys: 1). deal with 2). done with
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Ⅱ 词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)
1.explore
vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险
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exploration
n. 勘探; 探测; 探险
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exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的
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2.
universe n. 宇宙; 世界
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universal
adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的;宇宙的
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3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现
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appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现 外表; 外貌; 外观
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【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) We’ll
take a voyage of _________. (explore)
2) ColumbusdiscoveredAmericabut did not ________ the
new continent. (explore)
3) They’re
making ___________ medical tests. (explore)
4) Television
provides _________ entertainment. (universe)
5) There are lots of stars in the
________. (universe)
6) Don't judge by __________ can
be misleading. (appear)
7) He promised to be here atfour o'clockbut didn't _________ until six.
(appear)
Keys:
1) exploration 2)
explore 3) exploratory 4) universal
5) universe 6) appearances 7) appear
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Ⅲ 重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)
1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和
[典例]
1). He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金。
2). The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。
[重点用法]
in sum简言之; 总而言之
sum sb/sth up形成对某人[某事物]的看法
[练习] 中译英
1). 总之, 计划告吹了。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我认为她是个很能干的经理。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). In sum, the plan failed.
2). I
summed her up as a competent manager.
2. advantage n.优点;优势;有利条件
[典例]
1). He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。
2). They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。
[重点用法]
take advantage of 对……加以利用;欺骗
to sb.’s advantage 对某人有利
have /get/win an
advantage over (of)胜过;优于
[练习] 中译英
1).协议对我们有利。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2).她利用了我的慷慨。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). The agreement is/works to our advantage.
2). She took advantage of my generosity.
3. goal n. 球门;进球得的分;目标
[典例]
1). He
headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门
2). We won by
three goals to one 以三比一获胜。
3). You’d better set a goal before
you start. 开始前最好设定一个目标。
[重点用法]
score/kick a goal 得[踢进一球得]一分
keep goal守球门
life
goal/ one’s goal in life生活目标
achieve /
realize one’s goal实现目标
[练习] 中译英
1).他已经实现了他的目标。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2).我的人生目标是帮助他人。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). He has achieved his goal.
2). My goal
in life is to help others.
4. signal
n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与……通讯
[典例]
1). A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号。
2). He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。
[重点用法]
signal to sb/sth for sth 用信号传达(某信息); 用信号与(某人)通讯
signal with…用……发信号
[练习] 中译英
1).铁路红灯亮了, 所以火车停下了。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2).他用红旗发信号。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). The railway signal was on red, so the train
stopped.
2). He
was signaling with a red flag.
5. arise vi.(arose, arisen)出现; 发生
[典例]
1). A new
difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。
2). Accidents
arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。
[重点用法]
arise from /out of由……引起;由……产生
[练习] 中译英
1). 夜间起风暴了。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). A storm arose during the night.
2). Problems
have arisen out of the lack of communication
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