2.宾语从句
虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。
常见的宾语从句中需用“should+动词原形”的动词有:
一个坚持:insist
两个命令:order,command
三个建议:suggest,advise,propose
四个要求:demand,require,ask,desire
①在suggest(建议),
order(命令), propose(建议),
insist(坚持要做), command (命令),request(要求),advise(建议)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should
+动词原形(美国英语常省略should)。
The
examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator.考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
The
workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent.工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。
They
requested that he (should) sing a song.他们要求他唱一首歌。
比较:
动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句,应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
suggest作“建议”解时,用虚拟语气,作“使想起、暗示”解时,用陈述语气。
His
silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。(暗示)
He
suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。(建议)
insist作“坚决要求”解时,用虚拟语气,作“坚持认为”解时,用陈述语气。
He insists
that doing morning exercises does good to people's health.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。(强调)
He
insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。(要求)
②在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气,表示不可能实现的愿望。
一般过去时weredid 表示目前不可能实现的愿望
I wish
I were a bird.但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish
I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。
过去完成时 had done
表示过去不可能实现的愿望
I wish
she had taken my advice.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
I wish
that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天见过她。
过去将来时wouldcould
do表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望
I wish
you would stay an hour longer.我希望你再呆一个小时。
I wish
it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。
提示:
由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多,在使用上往往容易出错。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”,表示不可能实现的愿望,后接从句时要用虚拟语气;hope表示“希望”,指可以实现的希望,后接从句时用陈述语气。
The
students hope that their football team will win the game.学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。(可能实现)
I wish I
could see him now.我希望现在就能看到他。(不可能实现)
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