过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
c. 表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
She entered the room, picked up a
magazine and looked through it carefully.
她走进房间,拿起一本杂志,认真地翻阅了起来。
The students got up early in the
morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.
学生们很早起床,做早操,然后在室外朗读英语。
d. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作
We would not leave until the teacher
came back.
老师回来我们才会离开。
She told me she would not go if it
rained the next day.
她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话,她就不去了。
②一般过去时的特殊用法
a. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态
It's time we went.
是我们该走的时候了。
I wish I were twenty years younger.
但愿我年轻20岁。
I would rather you didn't do anything
for the time being.
我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。
b. 在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。
I wondered if you could give me a hand.
我想请你帮个忙。
Might I come and see you tonight?
我想今晚来看你,好吗?
3.一般现在时和一般过去时的比较
一般现在时要和现在时间相联系,而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。
His father is a film director.
他父亲是电影导演。(他现在还是)
His father was a film director.
他父亲曾是电影导演。(他现在不是)
How do you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样?(还在看小说)
How did you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样?(已看完小说)
C.一般将来时
1. 一般将来时的构成
一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称,主要见于英国英语,现在的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数形式均用will表示。在口语中,shall和will常缩写成“'ll”,紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall
not 和will not 常简略为shan't
和won't。
I'll go and shut the door.
我去关门。
When will you know your exam results?
你什么时候能知道考试结果?
I can see you're busy, so I won't stay
long.
我看得出你很忙,所以我不会呆太久的。
提示:在you
and I或both of us等短语后,只用will,不用shall。
You and I will arrive there next
Monday.
我和你下周一都要到达那里。
Both of us will graduate from middle
school next year.
我们俩明年中学毕业。
2.一般将来时的用法
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I shall be free this afternoon.
我今天下午有空。
There'll be no chemistry classes
tomorrow.
明天没有化学课。
They will probably go to Shanghai for
their holiday.
他们可能去上海度假。
注意:
在口语中,常用will
/ shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形,以表示生动。
I'll be seeing a friend off at the
airport.
我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
He'll be going with us tomorrow.
他明天和我们一起去。
②表示将要反复发生的动作
My uncle will come to see me every
Saturday.
我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。
The students will have five English
classes per week this term.
本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。
③表示同意或答应做某事
That bag looks heavy. I'll help you
with it.
这个包看起来很重,我来帮你提。
I won't tell anyone what happened, I
promise.
我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。
④表示一种倾向或推测
Flowers will die without water.
没有水花会枯死的。
Water will change into ice at 0℃.
水在零摄氏度就会结冰。
This will be your sister, I guess.
我猜想这是你姐姐。
3.一般将来时的常用结构
①用于“I expect, I'm sure, I
think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中
Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure
you'll pass.
不要担心这次考试,我确信你会通过的。
I wonder what will happen.
我不知道将会发生什么事。
I don't think the test will be very
difficult.
我想这次测验不会太难。
②用于“祈使句 + and
+ 陈述句”中
Work hard and you will succeed.
如果你努力,就会成功的。
Go at once and you will see her.
马上去,你就会见到她了。
③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用
I'll let you know as soon as he
arrives.
他一到我就通知你。
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请他,他会帮助你的。
We shall go unless it rains.
除非下雨,否则我们是要去的。
4.将来时间的其他表达法
①be going to + 动词原形
“be
going to+ 动词原形”这一结构常用于口语中。
a. 表示决定或打算要做某事
I'm going to buy a new coat this
winter.
今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。
Are you going to play basketball after
class?
下课后你去打篮球吗?
He is going to be a doctor when he
grows up.
他长大后要当医生。
What are you going to do today?
今天你打算做什么?
b. 表示有迹象即将要发生什么事
Look at those black clouds. It is going
to rain.
瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。
The car is going to turn over.
汽车要翻了!
There is going to be a snowstorm.
将有一场暴风雪。
比较:
“be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的区别
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