F.ought to
1.表示义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做),口气比should稍重。
We ought
to defend our country.
我们应当保卫我们的国家。(每一个公民应尽的义务)
You
ought to respect your parents.
你应当尊敬你的父母。
Oughtn't
we to do everything possible to stop pollution
难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗?
2.表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译为“应该是,会是”。
Prices
ought to come down soon.
价格可能会很快下跌。
Han Mei
ought to know his telephone number.
韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
There's
a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。
3.ought
to和should一样,表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。
You
ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong
你应该在洗衣服(可是你没洗)。为什么你在打乒乓球?
You
ought to have handed in the exercise last week.
你上周就应当交练习。(可你没交,含责备的意思。)
He ought
to have asked me before he took my bike.
他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。
4.ought
to与should的比较。
ought to和should的含义较近,但不完全相同。ought
to表示“应该”,是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。
You are
her mother. You ought to look after her.
你是她的母亲,你应当照管她。(是道义上的责任,不能和should互换。)
We should encourage him for we are his
classmates.
我们应该鼓励他,我们是他的同班同学啊!
提示:
表示“义务”时,我们在口语中可以用had
better或be supposed to来代替should和ought
to。
If you
are not well, you had better ask Alice to go instead.
如果你不舒服,你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。
I'm
supposed to be there at 8 o'clock.
我应该八点到那里。
G.used
to
1.used
to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况,但现在已不存在。
He used
to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。(强调现在不喝茶了)
I know
where there used to be a river here.
我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。(现在没有河了)
When I
was a child I didn't use to like tomatoes.
我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。
He is
not what he used to be.
他已不是原来的他了。
Where
did you use to live before you came here
来此之前你住在什么地方?
2.would和used
to的用法区别。
①used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,强调“现已无此习惯了”,而would只表示过去的情况,与现在无关。
When he
was young, he would smoke a lot.
他年轻时总是吸许多烟。(不含有和现在比较,现在他也许还在抽,也许不抽了。)
He used
to live in the country, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。
②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
Kate
used to be very thin.
以前凯特非常瘦。
There
used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。(不用would)
③used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态,而would表示过去的习惯动作时,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
【误】We
would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
【正】We
used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。
【正】Whenever
we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
每当我们在乡下,我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。
H.dare
dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。
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