第二章 被动语态（二）
三、主动语态变被动语态
中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者。
中国人常这样说：I
expect you to be there on time. 我希望你准时到那里。
英美人常这样说：You
are expected to be there on time. 希望你准时到那里。
这就是英语中被动语态的使用比汉语中多的原因。由于英语句子的主动语态结构不同，因而变成被动语态的方式也各不相同。
A. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：
They will discuss the plan at the
meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。
-- The plan will be discussed at the
meeting. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。
In the past the king possessed great
wealth. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。
n In the past great wealth was
possessed by the king. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。
B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：
We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。
-- The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。
-- Some books were given to the
student. 几本书被给了这个学生。
His father bought him a computer last
week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
-- He was bought a computer by his
father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
-- A computer was bought for him by his
father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to,
for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。
They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。
-- The Nobel Prize was awarded（to）him.
诺贝尔奖被授予给他。
The host had caught us some fish. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。
n Some fish had been caught for us
by the host. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。（for不可省）
n
C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语：
All the villagers painted the houses
white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
-- The houses were painted white by all
the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。
They kept us waiting for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。
-- We were kept waiting for a long
time. 我们等了很长时间。
We regarded him as the best doctor in
town. 我们认为他是城里最好的医生。
-- He was regarded as the best doctor
in town. 他被认为是城里最好的医生。
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