注意：
有些使役动词和感官动词,如make,
see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。
We heard him say good-bye to his
friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。
n He was heard to say good-bye to
his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。
n
D. 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句
含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+
be done”构成。
情态动词
cancould
maymight
must
havehad to
willwould
shallshould
ought to
主动形式
cancould do
maymight do
must do
havehad to do
willwould do
shallshould do
ought to do
被动形式
cancould be done
maymight be done
must be done
havehad to be done
willwould be done
shallshould be done
ought to be done
The machine must be operated with care.
这机器必须小心操作。
Such a sentence ought not to be used
here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。
What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。
People had to be reminded of the danger
that night. 那天晚上必须提醒人们当心危险。
E. 含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等结构的主动句变被动句
含有“be going to do和 be
to do 等结构的谓语动词，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to + be done”和“be to + be done”。在这两种结构中，be只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。
The problem is going to be discussed at
the meeting. 这个问题将在会上讨论。
This new film is to be shown on TV next
week. 这部新片下周将在电视上放映。
F．含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句保留不变。
They said that he had gone abroad to
study English. 他们说他出国学英语去了。
-- It was said that he had gone abroad
to study English. 据说他出国学英语去了。
We haven't decided when we should go
camping. 我们还未决定什么时候去野营。
-- It hasn't been decided when we
should go camping. 什么时候去野营尚未决定。
提示：
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，为了简练，还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语，从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。
We believed that he would succeed. 我们相信他会成功。
-- He was believed to succeed. 人们相信他会成功。
Father expected that I should become an
engineer. 父亲希望我成为工程师。
-- I was expected (by my father) to
become an engineer. （父亲）希望我成为工程师。
G．祈使句的被动语态
肯定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Let
+ 宾语 + be + 过去分词；否定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Don't
+ let + 宾语 + be + 过去分词（或Let
+ 宾语 + not + be + 过去分词）。
Move the desks into the corridor.
-- Let the desks be moved into the
corridor. 把课桌搬到走廊去。
Don't trust her.
-- Don't let her be trusted.
-- Let her not be trusted. 不要相信她。
H. 动词短语构成的被动语态
一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，因此就可以有被动语态。
The nurses in this hospital look after
the patients very well.
-- The patients are well looked after
by the nurses in this hospital. 病人在这所医院里被护士们照料得很周到。
They have put off the meeting till next
Saturday.
-- The meeting has been put off till
next Saturday. 会议已推迟到下周六了。
注意：
在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。
Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。
All the important matters have now been
attended to. 所有重要的事情都得到了处理。
I. 双重被动结构
双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。
They asked us to discuss the problem at
once.
-- We were asked to discuss the problem
at once.
-- The problem was asked to be
discussed at once. 这个问题被要求立刻讨论。（双重被动）
She offered to buy a recorder for me.
-- A recorder was offered to be bought
for me. 有人提出要帮我买一台录音机。（双重被动）
The teacher ordered that we should take
the desk away.
-- The desk was ordered to be taken
away. 课桌被要求搬走。（双重被动）
J．下列句子变成被动语态时，要用with，不用by
Smoke filled the meeting room. 烟充满了会议室。
The meeting room was filled with smoke.
会议室里充满了烟。
A cloth covered the table. 一块布把桌子罩了起来。
The table was covered with a cloth. 桌子上铺着一块布。
K．不能变为被动语态的结构
1．受动词的限制
①表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态。
某些表示状态的及物动词，如have,
own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (适合),
fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作谓语时，不能变为被动句。
She resembles her mother. 她像她妈妈。
He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。
This hall can hold 2,000 people. 这个大厅能容纳两千人。
②当及物动词have表示“吃饭”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态形式。
Would you have a cup of tea 你要喝杯茶吗？
She had a bad cold yesterday, and now
she is feeling much better. 昨天她得了重感冒，现在好多了。
③当动词get，take表示“懂得”、“知道”，owe表示“欠”，cost表示“使失去(生命、健康等)”的意思时，动词没有相应的被动语态。
Do you get me 你明白我的意思吗？
How do you take this passage 这段话你怎么理解？
I owe 50 pounds to you. 我欠你五十英镑。
His careless driving cost his
life. 他粗心的驾驶使他丧了命。
2．受宾语的限制
①当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时，动词不能用于被动语态形式。
They simply cannot contain themselves
for joy. 他们简直无法抑制内心的喜悦。
He absented himself from a meeting
yesterday. 他昨天缺席会议了。
For years the two sisters looked after
one another. 多年来两姐妹互相照顾。
②当宾语前带有主语的形容词性物主代词时，谓语动词通常不能转换为被动语态。
I could not believe my eyes when I saw
him still alive. 看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
The doctor shook his head and then went
out without any words. 医生摇了摇头，一句话也没说就出去了。
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