注意：
动词的宾语是身体的一部分，一般不可变为被动语态，但也有例外。
He fixed his eyes on the oil painting. 他注视着这幅油画。
-- His eyes were fixed on the oil
painting. 他的两眼注视着这幅油画。
③当宾语起状语作用，表示数量、重量、大小或程度时，不能用被动语态。
This kind of dictionary costs ten
dollars. 这种字典价值十美元。
The case weighs twenty kilos. 这箱子重二十公斤。
④当宾语是同源宾语时，通常不能转换成被动语态。
He laughed a hearty laugh. 他由衷地笑了笑。
She dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了一个美梦。
⑤如果宾语是动词不定式或动词的-ing形式时，谓语动词一般不能变换成被动语态。
He admitted having done wrong. 他承认做错了。
He has decided to go and study
abroad. 他已决定出国留学。
⑥如果enter,
leave, reach的宾语是地点、国家机关等，不能改为被动语态
He left the army in 1998. 他1998年退伍。
She entered the hall at once. 她立刻就进入了大厅。
⑦另外，不可拆开的短语动词，如take
place, lose heart, belong to, consist of, change colour等，也不能改为被动语态。
The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。
She caught a very bad cold. 她患了重感冒。
必背：一些常见的不能变为被动语态的动宾词组
catch a cold 感冒
eat one's words 食言
lose heart 丧失信心
lose patience 失去耐心
make a face 做鬼脸
make up one's mind 决心
make bed 铺床
make room for 为……腾出地方
keep watch 守望
keep silence 保持安静
speak one's mind 表明见解
take place 发生
take one's time 从容不迫，别着急
take office 就职
take one's leave 请假
take notes 作笔记
take up arms 拿起武器
take one's place 就位
⑧含有would
rather或情态动词dare的句子，不能改为被动语态。
I would rather do it now. 我宁可现在就干这件事。
He dare not do it. 他不敢干那件事。
四、被动语态与系表结构
所谓系表结构，在此指“连系动词+用作表语的动词-ed形式”结构。它与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以在应用时应注意它们的区别。
A. 被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by+人或by+抽象名词表动作的执行者，而后者则一般不用。
The gate to the garden was locked by
the girl. 花园门被那个女孩锁上了。（被动结构）
The gate to the garden was locked. 花园门锁了。（系表结构）
The tree was blown down by the high
winds. 那棵树被大风吹倒了。（被动结构）
The tree was blown down when we saw it.
我们看到那棵树时，它已经被吹倒了。（系表结构）
注意：
少数“连系动词be
+ 用作表语的动词-ed形式”也带by短语。
The old man was surrounded by small
children. 老人被孩子们团团围住。（被动语态）
Guilin is surrounded by hills and
mountains. 桂林周围都是山。（系表结构）
We were held up by fog. 我们因雾受阻。（被动语态）
The tree is known by its fruit. 看到果子就知道是什么树。（系表结构）
B. 系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时等少数几种时态；而被动语态可用多种时态。
The composition is well written. 这篇作文写得很好。（系表结构）
The composition is being written. 这篇作文正在写。（被动语态）
C. 系表结构中的过去分词可被very,
too, so修饰，被动语态中的过去分词须用much修饰。
The boy was too frightened to move. 这孩子吓得动也不敢动。（系表结构）
He was very excited.他很激动。（系表结构）
He was much excited by the news. 他听到消息后很激动。（被动结构）
D. be + 不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构。
Her money is all gone. 她的钱都花光了。
The honoured guests are arrived. 贵宾们到了。
The moon is risen. 月亮升起来了。
She is grown up. 她长大了。
The leaves are fallen. 树叶落了。
We are prepared for the worst. 我们已准备好应付最坏的情况。
E. 表示“充满”意思的“be + 过去分词 +
with”结构多为系表结构。
The mountain is covered with snow all
the year round. 这座山终年被积雪覆盖。
The classroom was crowded with pupils. 教室里挤满了学生。
The lake is dotted with fishing boats. 湖里渔帆点点。
The floor was piled with old books. 地板上堆满了旧书。
F. remain, feel, lie, stand 以及
become, grow 等词 + 过去分词结构多为系表结构。
The matter remained unsettled. 这件事悬而未决。
She felt disappointed. 她感到失望。
The road became crowded. 道路拥挤了。
G. 句中有时间状语和地点状语时，一般为被动语态，反之为系表结构。
The bank is closed. 银行现在关门了。（系表结构）
The bank is usually closed at six. 银行通常六点关门。（被动语态）
He is married. 他结婚了。（系表结构）
|