J．用于感叹句。
不定式可用于感叹句，含有惊异、不满、惋惜或赞美等感情色彩。
To think
that he should do this!想想，他竟然干出这等事！（表示惊讶）
Oh, God,
to see her dance !哦，天哪，看看她的舞蹈！（表示赞美）
To think
that all the money has been wasted.想想，所有的钱都被浪费掉了！（表示不满）
一、关于不定式符号的几个问题
A．不带to的不定式
1．在口语中，动词原形come和go后可接不带to的不定式。
Go tell
her.去告诉她吧。
Come
have a glass.来喝一杯。
2．在why引起的一些问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。
Why make
so much noise 为什么发出这么大的噪音？
Why not
join us 为什么不加入我们？
3．在had
better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would
sooner...than, cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but等结构后直接跟动词原形或not
+动词原形。
You'd
better listen to your teacher's opinion.
你最好听一听老师的意见。
We had
best call for the doctor at once.我们最好马上就请医生来。
She
can't do anything but ask silly questions.她一直在问一些愚蠢的问题。
Rather
than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.他宁愿骑自行车，也不愿挤公共汽车。
He
cannot but move to another street, because his building has to be pulled down
soon.他不得不搬到另一条街上去，因为他住的大楼很快就要被推倒。
We
cannot help but admire his courage. 我们情不自禁地钦佩他的勇气。
4．如不定式前有行为动词do，那么在表语从句中的不定式和介词except或but之后的不定式可不带to。
The only
thing I could do was go home.我能做的唯一一件事就是回家。
They
could do nothing but wait for the doctor to come.他们只能等待医生的到来。
5．在两个动词不定式并列使用时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略。
The
little girl hardly knew whether to laugh or cry.这小姑娘不知道是哭好还是笑好。
Can you
help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 200 p.m.你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？
6．在help之后，既可用带to的不定式也可用不带to的不定式。
Can I
help (to) carry the box for you我帮你搬箱子，好吗？
7．在一些固定搭配中用不带to的不定式。
He let
go the rope.他松开了绳子。
I hear
say there will be an earthquake soon.我听说不久就要有一次地震。
She made
believe she was innocent.她假装清白。
8．在感官动词see,
hear, watch, feel, notice以及使役动词make, let, have等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。
She
watched the children cross the street.她看着孩子们穿过了马路。
They
made the boy apologize to his friend for being so rude.他们让那男孩因他的粗鲁而向他的朋友道歉。
Don't
forget to have him come earlier.别忘了让他早点儿来。
B．不定式符号的单独使用
为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号to来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构。
1．在助动词或情态动词之后，如be
going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to等。
She must
go but you don't have to. 她必须走，但你没有必要。
---Do
you think I ought to go to see my doctor
你认为我应该去看医生吗？
---Yes,
I think you ought to. 是的，我想你应该去。
2．在want,
decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try等动词之后。
You may
go with them if you hope to. 如果你希望的话，你可以和他们一起去。
---Did
you go to see the Great Wall 你游览长城了吗？
---I
wanted to, but I was too busy. 我本来想去的，但我太忙了。
3．在做宾语补足语的ask,
tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid等动词之后。
Don't do
anything unless your father tells you to.
除非你父亲叫你去做，不然不要做任何事情。
---May I
use your car 我可以用你的汽车吗？
---No, I
forbid you to. 不，我禁止你使用。
4．在对话的答语中的happy,
glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid等形容词之后。
---Will
you lend me a hand 你能帮我一个忙吗？
---I'm
willing to, but I can't now. 我很愿意，但现在不行。
---Would
you please come to my birthday party tomorrow明天下午来参加我的生日聚会好吗？
---I'll
be glad to.我很乐意。
提示：
如果动词不定式是to
be或to have，则一般不省。
--- Did
you finish the work你的工作完成了吗？
--- No,
but I hoped to have.没有，但我希望已经完成了。
C．介词to和不定式符号to
to既可以是不定式符号，后接动词原形；to也可以是介词，后接名词或动词的-ing形式。英语中有很多常用短语带有to，我们要正确判断to是不定式符号还是介词，千万不可混淆。
|