G.used
to
1.used
to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况,但现在已不存在。
He used
to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。(强调现在不喝茶了)
I know
where there used to be a river here.
我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。(现在没有河了)
When I
was a child I didn't use to like tomatoes.
我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。
He is
not what he used to be.
他已不是原来的他了。
Where
did you use to live before you came here
来此之前你住在什么地方?
2.would和used
to的用法区别。
①used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,强调“现已无此习惯了”,而would只表示过去的情况,与现在无关。
When he
was young, he would smoke a lot.
他年轻时总是吸许多烟。(不含有和现在比较,现在他也许还在抽,也许不抽了。)
He used
to live in the country, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。
②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
Kate
used to be very thin.
以前凯特非常瘦。
There
used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。(不用would)
③used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态,而would表示过去的习惯动作时,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
【误】We
would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
【正】We
used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。
【正】Whenever
we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
每当我们在乡下,我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。
H.dare
dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。
1.情态动词dare
①dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句,一般不用于肯定句中。
I dare
not daren't walk through the forest at night.
我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。
--- Dare
you walk through the forest at night
你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗?
--- Yes,
I dare.
是的,我敢。
--- No,
I daren't.
不,我不敢。
He dare
not drive too fast on the rainy day.
下雨天他不敢开得太快。
He dared
not do it last year.
去年他不敢做这事。(dare的过去时为dared)
②可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。
I wonder
how he dare say such things.
我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。
We don't
know whether he dare climb the mountain.
我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。
③可以用于条件状语从句中。
If the
enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.
如果敌人敢进入村里,我们就和他们战斗到底。
If you
dare cheat in your exam, I will give you some punishment.
如果你们敢在考试中作弊,我就惩罚你们。
2.行为动词dare
①dare可以作为行为动词,多用于肯定句中,但也可用在疑问句和否定句中
He will
dare any danger.
他敢面对任何危险。
He dared
me to jump over the stream.
他激我跳过小溪。
Did
anyone dare to admit it
有人敢于承认吗?
I have
never dared (to) go back to take a look.
我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。(否定句中to可省略)
②和其他行为动词一样,dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。
He
doesn't dare to walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。(作行为动词)
He
daren't walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。(作情态动词)
Does he
dare to walk at night
他敢走夜路吗?(作行为动词)
Dare he
walk at night
他敢走夜路吗?(作情态动词)
He
didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.
15年前他不敢走夜路。(作行为动词)
He
daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.
15年前他不敢走夜路。(作情态动词)
Will you
dare to do the same experiment tomorrow
明天你敢做同样的实验吗?(作行为动词)
Dare you
do the same experiment tomorrow?
明天你敢做同样的实验吗?(作情态动词)
必背:
英语口语中dare的几个常用结构:
●I dare say...
我想,大概,可能,或许……
I
dare say things will improve.
我想情况会好转的。
●How dare you ...
你怎么敢……?
How dare you ask me such a question
你怎么敢问我这样的问题?
●I dare you ...
我谅你也不敢……
I
dare you to tell your parents!
我谅你也不敢告诉你父母!
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