B．动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。
His wish
is to become an astronaut. 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
What he
hoped was to be admitted into the university.他希望能被大学录取。
To live
is to do something worthwhile.活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。
注意：
有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
She is
to blame.她应该受到责备。
The
house is to let.此房出租。
The
result is not long to see.结果不久就会看到。
C．动词不定式作宾语
不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当but和except等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。
1．作动词的宾语
①不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。
Father
likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。
He
prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他宁愿饿死也不愿乞讨。
I never
thought to meet you here.我没想到在这里遇见你。
必背：
可接不定式作宾语的动词有：
afford负担得起
agree同意
aim以……为目标
ask要求
attempt尝试
begin开始
care喜爱
choose决定
continue继续
decide决定
desire要求
determine决心
expect期待
fail不能
forget忘记
hate不愿
hope希望
ntend打算
manage设法
mean打算
offer表示愿意
plan计划
prefer宁愿
pretend假装
promise答应
refuse拒绝
remember记起
try努力
want想要
wish希望
②在feel, find, make, think,
consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
I found
it possible to work out the problem without a computer.我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。
She made
it a rule to get up at five.她养成了五点起床的习惯。
I feel
it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。
③在表示“希望、打算”等动词（如hope,
expect, intend, mean, want等）的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。
I
intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so.我原想来拜访你的，但没来成。
I
expected to have met him here last night.我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。（但没做到）
We meant
to have stayed there a week.我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。
I wanted
to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so.我原想写一封信给她，但忘记了。
提示：
表示“原打算、原以为”还可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达。
I had
intended to call on you.我原想来拜访你的。
I had
expected to meet him here last night.我原以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他的。
We had
meant to stay there a week.我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。
2．作介词的宾语
不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。
The
teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.老师除了叫他努力学习外，未做任何评价。
He had
no choice but to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。
There is
nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。
3．作形容词的宾语
不定式作形容词的宾语有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。
①句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有able,
afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined,
disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad,
lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised,
willing等。
I am
sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse. 很遗憾，他的情况每况愈下
She was
not content to live a quiet life in a small town.她不满足在一个小镇里过默默无闻的生活。
John was
happy to be given the job.约翰得到这份工作很高兴。
②句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。这类形容词有easy,
hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible,
interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。
This
problem is easy to solve.这个问题很容易解决。
The
water is not fit to drink.这水不适于饮用。
She is
hard to get along with.她这个人很难相处。
注意：在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。
The
river is dangerous to swim in.在这条河里游泳很危险。
A spring
mattress is comfortable to sleep on.席梦思床垫睡上去很舒服。
D．动词不定式作宾语补足语
不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。
1．在表示感觉的动词后作宾语补足语，并且不定式都不带to。这类动词有：see,
hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
I heard
them sing yesterday.昨天我听见他们唱歌了。
Did you
see him go out你看见他出去了吗？
I felt
something crawl up my leg.我感到有什么东西爬到我腿上了。
注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。notice和watch没有被动语态。
We saw
the car stop.
n The car was seen to stop.我们看见这辆车停了下来。
n
|