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3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同
learned
a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授
aged
an aged man 老人
beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机
B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式
动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait
outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got
angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。
C．动词的-ed形式的特征
动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。
1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
Born and brought up in the countryside,
he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
The books, written by Lu Xun, are
popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。
2．及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。
Given more time, I could have solved
that riddle. 要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。（句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。）
When you speak English, be sure to make
yourself understood. 你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。）
The experience gained in the army was
of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。
3．不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has escaped）
a retired worker 退休工人 （= a worker who has retired）
a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 （= a guest who has just arrived）
We should bring in advanced technology
from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。
People should pay attention to the
changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。
二、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。
A．动词的-ed形式作表语
1．-ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。
The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。
She felt satisfied with her performance
on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。
The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。
Hearing the news, he looked
disappointed. 听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。
The top of the mountain is covered with
snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。
比较：
要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。
All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态）
All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语态，表示动作）
Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态
Peter the Great was buried here in
1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。（被动语态，表示动作）
2．同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。
动词的-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而-ing形式作 表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。
They were frightened to hear the
frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all
the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。
提示：
上述动词的-ed形式，有的（如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等）已经变成形容词，可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的（如amused, puzzled, relaxed等）还不能被very, too修饰，只能被much修饰。
These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。
We are much puzzled by his failure to
reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。
His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。
All the people present were moved to
tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。
B．动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语
当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。
1．在感觉动词see,
hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。
I heard the Ninth Symphony played last
night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。
We found all the rivers seriously
polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。
Yesterday I noticed a little girl
caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。
He felt his collar pulled by someone
from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。
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