被动语态的用法
1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:
1) Some new
computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
2) This book
was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
2 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:
1) This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
2) Eight
hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
记忆歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2 把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主 动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
1) All the
people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all people.
2) They make
the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are madeby themin the
factory.
记忆歌诀:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
记忆歌诀:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留。例如:
1) We can
repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repaired in two days.
2) You ought
to take it away. = It ought to be taken away.
3) They should do it at
once. = It should be done at once
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