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to
be +形容词
seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be
believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan,
expect, mean
The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean,
prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people
there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意
有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take,
consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
3.
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food
after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；
be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。
She was afraid to step further in grass
because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland.
Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)
mean to doing/to do
mean to do
打算、想
mean doing 意味着
I mean to go, but my father would not allow
me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing
power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.
1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing
the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry. 我开始生起气来。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth. 我开始明白真相。
4) 物作主语时
It began to melt.
感官动词 +
doing/to do
感官动词 see,
watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1) They knew her very well. They had seen
her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A. 因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2) The missing boy was last seen ___ near
the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案：A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
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