让步状语从句★★★★
表达按正常思维考虑不可能的事情却成了现实。这样的状语从句称为让步状语从句。我自己认为让步就是存在一定条件下的说法.
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though although as; even if even though; whether...or...; no
matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
(1)though although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet still或nevertheless连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
Alhough/Though
he was worn out (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。
Although/Though
he is very old (yet)he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:
She passed
the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习,考试却及格了。
3.用though/although as 引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气。
不能说:Though he looks weak but he is healthy.
而要说:Though he looks weak he is healthy.
或者说:He looks weak but he is healthy.
though还可以用作副词,放在句末。如:
It was hard
work;; I enjoyed it though=It was hard work but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦,但是我喜欢干。
(2)as though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,其倒装办法是从句中谓语动词是系动词be的,将表语提至句首(表语为不定冠词加名词时,须将不定冠词省略),句子的其它部分语序正常;在其它情况下,句中有状语时,将状语提至句首,其它部分语序正常,如果句中无状语时,将动词原形提至句首,必要时还要在从句中加助动词。以though引导的让步状语从句可像although引导的从句一样不倒装,也可以像as引导的从句一样倒装,倒装办法完全相同,只是不采用倒装语序的常用一点。但although引导的让步状语从句不可以倒装。例如:
obxxxxject
as you may I " ll go.(=Though/Although you may obxxxxject I " ll go.)
纵使你反对,我也要去。
Hard as/
though he works he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard he makes
little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
Child
as/though he was he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child he knew what was the right thing to do.)虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。
Fast as you
read you can " t finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快,你也不能这么快读完这本书。
(3)even if even though
表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常可互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,也就是说,说话人肯定了从句的事实。例如:
We " ll
make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
Even if he
is poor she loves him. (=He may be poor yet she loves him.)即使他很穷,但她还是爱他。
Even though
he is poor she loves him. (=He is poor yet she loves him. )尽管他很穷,但她还是爱她。
(4)whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:
You "
ll have to attend the ceremony whether you " re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。
Whether you
believe it or not it " s true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的。
(5)1“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”,它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。2但当引导名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句)时则只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc)。例如:
No matter
what happened he would not mind. (=Whatever happened he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。(让步状语从句)
No matter
who you are you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are you must keep the law.不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法。(让步状语从句)
Whatever(=No
matter what)you say I won " t believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
I " ll
eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
Whoever
comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。
此外,有时while也可以引导让步状语从句,但一般要位于句首。例如:
While I like the colour I don " t like the
shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色,但不喜欢那形状。
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