2.宾语从句
虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。
常见的宾语从句中需用“should+动词原形”的动词有:
一个坚持:insist
两个命令:order,command
三个建议:suggest,advise,propose
四个要求:demand,require,ask,desire
①在suggest(建议),
order(命令), propose(建议),
insist(坚持要做), command (命令),request(要求),advise(建议)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should +动词原形(美国英语常省略should)。
The examination instructor asked that the
students (should) not use a calculator.考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
The workers demanded that their wages
(should) be raised by 10 percent.工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。
They requested that he (should) sing a song.他们要求他唱一首歌。
比较:
动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句,应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
suggest作“建议”解时,用虚拟语气,作“使想起、暗示”解时,用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my
decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。(暗示)
He suggested that I (should) stick to my
decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。(建议)
insist作“坚决要求”解时,用虚拟语气,作“坚持认为”解时,用陈述语气。
He insists that doing morning exercises does
good to people's health.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。(强调)
He insists that he (should) do morning
exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。(要求)
②在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气,表示不可能实现的愿望。
一般过去时weredid 表示目前不可能实现的愿望
I wish I were a bird.但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。
过去完成时 had done 表示过去不可能实现的愿望
I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
I wish that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天见过她。
过去将来时wouldcould
do表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望
I wish you would stay an hour longer.我希望你再呆一个小时。
I wish it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。
提示:
由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多,在使用上往往容易出错。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”,表示不可能实现的愿望,后接从句时要用虚拟语气;hope表示“希望”,指可以实现的希望,后接从句时用陈述语气。
The students hope that their football team
will win the game.学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。(可能实现)
I wish I could see him now.我希望现在就能看到他。(不可能实现)
3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用“should +动词原形”结构。
My advice is that you (should) practise
speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The demand is that the composition (should)
be written on one side only.按照要求作文必须单面誊写。
It is my desire that all the members of the
family (should) gather once a year.我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。
The suggestion that education (should) be
reformed is reasonable.教育要改革的建议是合理的。
必背:
表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词常见的有
advice 建议
demand 要求
desire 愿望
decision决定
idea 意见
motion 提议
order命令
proposal提议
requirement 要求
request 请求
regulation规章
suggestion 建议
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