Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers
to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts
factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how
stop-floor lighting EQ
\X\BO(大1家) workers' productivity.
Instead, the studies ended EQ
\X\BO(大2家) giving their name to the
"Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very EQ \X\BO(大3家) to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.
The idea arose because of the EQ \X\BO(大4家) behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to EQ \X\BO(大5家) of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was
increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not EQ \X\BO(大6家) what was done in the experiment; EQ \X\BO(大7家) something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) EQ \X\BO(大8家) that they were being experimented upon seemed to be EQ \X\BO(大9家) to alter workers' behavior EQ \X\BO(大10家) itself.
After several decades, the same data were EQ \X\BO(大11家) to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another
surprise store EQ \X\BO(大12家)the descriptions on record,
no systematic EQ \X\BO(大13家) was found that levels of
productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments
may be have let to EQ
\X\BO(大14家) interpretation of what
happed. EQ \X\BO(大15家), lighting was always
changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output EQ \X\BO(大16家) rose compared with the previous Saturday and EQ \X\BO(大17家) to rise for the next couple of days. EQ \X\BO(大18家), a comparison with data for weeks when there was no
experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers EQ \X\BO(大19家) to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,
before EQ \X\BO(大20家) a plateau and then
slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is
hard to pin down.
1. [A] affected [B]
achieved [C] extracted [D] restored
2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off
3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D]
proof
4. [A] controversial [B]
perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous
5. [A] requirements [B]
explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments
6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work
7. [A] as far as [B] for
fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as
8. [A] awareness [B]
expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion
9. [A] suitable [B]
excessive [C] enough [D] abundant
10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by
11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed
12. [A] contrary to [B]
consistent with [C]
parallel with [D] peculiar to
13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source
14. [A] disputable [B]
enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading
15. [A] In contrast [B] For
example [C] In consequence [D] As usual
16. [A] duly [B]
accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly
17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued
20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting
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